Survival Sword Making Videos

The Viking sword Ulfberht was made of metal so pure it baffled archaeologists. Bones of Bears, Wolves and Warrior Ancestors were used as carbon to make the blade. About 170 Ulfberhts have been found, dating from 800 to 1,000 A.D.

It was thought the technology to forge such metal was not invented for another 800 or more years, during the Industrial Revolution.
In the process of forging iron, the ore must be heated to 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit to liquify, allowing the blacksmith to remove the impurities (called “slag”). Carbon is also mixed in to make the brittle iron stronger. Medieval technology did not allow iron to be heated to such a high temperature, thus the slag was removed by pounding it out, a far less effective method.
The Ulfberht, however, has almost no slag, and it has a carbon content three times that of other metals from the time. It was made of a metal called “crucible steel.”

Building a Bloomery - Andy George creates a fire hot enough to melt his iron ore.

Building a Celtic iron smelting furnace and roasting the bog-ore